Given the relatively small share of Christians in the Indian American community, this suggests that Christmas is celebrated more on cultural than religious grounds. The number of naturalization applications has climbed in recent years, though the annual totals remain below the 1.4 million applications filed in 2007. First, the survey asked respondents how important being Indian is to their identity. Overall, the Obama administration deported about 3 million immigrants between 2009 and 2016, a significantly higher number than the 2 million immigrants deported by the Bush administration between 2001 and 2008. The survey also queries respondents about whether they participated, over the past twelve months, in any of five political activities: volunteering or working on a political campaign; posting comments online about politics; discussing politics with friends and family; contributing money to a candidate, party, or campaign organization; or contacting their elected representative or another government official. 29 Maari Zwick-Maitreyi, Thenmozhi Soundararajan, Natasha Dar, Ralph F. Bheel, and Prathap Balakrishnan, Caste in the United States: A Survey of Caste Among South Asian Americans (Equality Labs, 2018). Results From the 2020 Indian American Attitudes Survey, Russias Growing Footprint in Africas Sahel Region, The Method Behind Putins New START Madness, Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/03/04/remarks-by-president-biden-in-a-call-to-congratulate-the-nasa-jpl-perseverance-team-on-the-successful-mars-landing/, https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qCf6RE2L2FpvA6mny2Y_Xtof_zdJpFdC/view, https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/Pop_Estimate/UnauthImmigrant/unauthorized_immigrant_population_estimates_2015_-_2018.pdf, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2021-03-11/how-big-tech-is-importing-india-s-caste-legacy-to-silicon-valley?sref=QmOxnLFz, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/07/13/new-lawsuit-shines-light-caste-discrimination-us-around-world/, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/14/opinion/caste-cisco-indian-americans-discrimination.html, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/18/nyregion/asian-hate-crimes.html, https://time.com/5800209/asian-american-census/, https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/10/14/how-will-indian-americans-vote-results-from-2020-indian-american-attitudes-survey-pub-82929, https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/02/09/how-do-indian-americans-view-india-results-from-2020-indian-american-attitudes-survey-pub-83800, https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/indian-immigrants-united-states-2019, https://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf, https://www.pewforum.org/2015/05/12/americas-changing-religious-landscape/, https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/07/20/the-global-god-divide/, https://www.pewforum.org/2021/01/14/measuring-religion-in-pew-research-centers-american-trends-panel/, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/06/us/debate-erupts-over-californias-india-history-curriculum.html, https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02697381/document, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/12/14/key-findings-about-voter-engagement-in-the-2020-election/, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/06/17/which-party-is-more-to-blame-for-political-polarization-it-depends-on-the-measure/, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/03/18/majorities-of-americans-see-at-least-some-discrimination-against-black-hispanic-and-asian-people-in-the-u-s/, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/04/22/hank-azaria-apologized-playing-apu-i-accept-i-appreciate-it/, https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/on-india-a-fracture-in-the-diaspora-101612878777662.html, https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/05/13/the-power-of-indians-abroad/, https://www.pewresearch.org/methods/2016/05/02/evaluating-online-nonprobability-surveys/, https://today.yougov.com/topics/finance/articles-reports/2016/05/13/pew-research-yougov, https://today.yougov.com/topics/economist/survey-results, http://www.asasrms.org/Proceedings/y2009/Files/303309.pdf. Between 1990 and 2000, the number of foreign born from India in the United States more than doubled. Further analysis shows that both age and duration of stay in the United States are important. Twenty-seven percent of respondents report that they attend religious services (apart from weddings and funerals) once a week or more than once a week. El Salvador 17,907. Apart from attending religious services, the survey asks respondents how frequently they pray (outside of the times they attend religious services). Finally, respondents born in the United States are also significantly more likely to report that they have a spouse or partner who is not of Indian origin: 29 percent of U.S.-born respondents compared to just 15 percent of foreign-born respondents. The remainder of the sample hails from a range of countries stretching from the United Kingdom to Trinidad & Tobago and Kenya. The second part examines the social networks of Indians in America and how they vary by respondents demographic characteristics. Twenty-six percent of U.S.-born citizens report taking part in voluntary service compared to 18 percent of foreign-born citizens and 14 percent of non-citizens. Although Indian Americans born in the United States assess Indias present trajectory more critically than those born outside of the United Statesa finding the February 2021 IAAS study established 51the latter are somewhat more likely to blame religion (62 percent versus 55 percent) as well as political leadership (61 percent versus 48 percent). . A very small minority, around 10 percent, strongly or somewhat disagrees. Among all refugees admitted in fiscal year 2019, 4,900 are Muslims (16%) and 23,800 are Christians (79%). However, there is marked variation by place of birth. Rounding out the list, 41 percent report celebrating Holi (the Indian festival of colors that traditionally marks the beginning of Spring), 39 percent celebrate Valentines Day, 35 percent mark Indian Independence Day (August 15), and 20 percent commemorate Eid. Overall, Hindi is the most common mother tongue (19 percent), followed by Gujarati (14 percent), English only (10 percent), and Telugu (10 percent)the latter is the primary language of the southern states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.22 Eight percent of respondents report Tamil as their mother tongue, while 7 percent apiece report Punjabi or Bengali. Sign up to receive emails from Carnegies South Asia Program! Since 1975, Koreans have ranked among the top 5 groups of . Roughly one-fifth lived in the Northeast (21%) and 11% were in the Midwest. The next two largest origin groups are Indian Americans, who account for 21% of the total (4.6 million people), and Filipinos, who account for 19% (or 4.2 million people). And how might their self-conception influence the composition of their social networks? Jonathan Kay is a nonresident research assistant in the Carnegie South Asia Program. All rights reserved. YouGov employs a sophisticated sample matching procedure to ensure that the respondent pool is representative of the Indian American community in the United States, using data from the ACS as a target sample frame. The interactive map below visualizes all of them based on their prior country of residence. Since the creation of the federal Refugee Resettlement Program in 1980, about 3 million refugees have been resettled in the U.S. more than any other country. A very small proportion, just 5 percent, state that they feel neither Indian nor American. From 2010 to 2019, the number of undocumented immigrants in the state fell from 2.9 million to 2.3 million. Foreign-born population by . The February 2021 IAAS paper found that almost seven in ten Hindus approve of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modis performance, while just one in five Muslims feel the same.34 However, without longitudinal data, it is unclear to what extent the religious divide reflects the specificities of the current contextin which Muslims in India feel especially marginalized and discriminated againstor is instead a product of longer-term trends. This paper argues that while there is much that binds the community, there are also nascent signs that these common bonds are being tested as religious cleavages, generational divides, and political polarization invite fragmentation. First, respondents overwhelmingly blame non-Indians when it comes to discrimination on the basis of country of origin or skin color. QUIZ LAB SUBMISSION This quiz has . To produce the final data set, respondents were matched to a sampling frame on gender, age, and education. 39 This finding holds even if we use a binary measure of Indian American concentration, using a cut-off of two percent of a countrys population; drop outlier counties with unusually high concentrations of Indian Americans; control for the total number of households in a county; and control for a respondents place of birth. Comments. This study is the third in a series on the social, political, and foreign policy attitudes of Indian Americans. Much larger shares believe that other minority groups face greater discrimination than Indian Americans, including Latino Americans (90 percent), LGBTQ Americans (89 percent), African Americans (86 percent), and women (86 percent). There does appear to be some variation based on respondents religious identity (see figure 7). 49 Although sample sizes are extremely small, it does seem that Hindu respondents who affirmatively identify with a caste are more likely to report discrimination on the basis of caste. The results are displayed in figure 11. For instance, the category Other Backward Classes (OBC) is common among Muslims, while Scheduled Castes or Dalits can also be found in Buddhist, Sikh, Christian, and Muslim communities. Kind to each other and to everyone else in your comments. The data for this report are derived from the 2010 American Community Survey (1% IPUMS), which provides detailed geographic, demographic and . Malayalam (6 percent), Urdu (5 percent), Marathi (4 percent), and Kannada (3 percent) round out the list. Thirty-three percent were born in the United States but with at least one parent who was born outside of the United States. 18 An additional 5 percent of respondents report not having an OCI card or being unsure of their OCI status. As the figure demonstrates, religion leads the way59 percent of Indian Americans believe it is responsible for creating internal divisions in the community. Several Asian, African, and Central American countries also have large immigrant populations. Read our research on: Congress | Economy | Black Americans. The actual change is expected to come in 2055, when Asians will become the largest immigrant group at 36 percent, compared with Hispanics at 34 percent. The term net domestic migration describes the total number of people moving to a state from another state minus people moving to another state from that state. In addition to new arrivals, U.S. births to immigrant parents will be important to future growth in the countrys population. Finally, the survey examines the identity of the person(s) responsible for engaging in discriminatory behavior. Because the results are largely the same, this study only reports results from the former. Since 1965, when U.S. immigration laws replaced a national quota system, the number of immigrants living in the U.S. has more than quadrupled. Other states only made the top five list for short periods of time. Those who wish to do so may apply after meeting certain requirements, including having lived in the U.S. for five years. For the 28 percent of respondents who perceive that polarization in India is impacting the diaspora community, the survey asks what specific features of Indias domestic politics are responsible (see figure 29). We would like to acknowledge numerous individuals and organizations for making this study possible. First, as noted above, the data on caste identification is restricted to Hindu respondents. How does this group perceive itself, and how does it believe others perceive it? To what extent does the community exhibit signs of shared solidarity, and are there signs of division as the group grows in number and diversity? As the number of Indian-origin residents in the United States has swelled north of 4 million, the community's diversity too has grown. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 2023 Dallas Express. As table 1 indicates, 77 percent of IAAS respondents are U.S. citizens, although there is significant variation within that category.16 Thirty-nine percent of all respondents immigrated to the United States and later became naturalized U.S. citizens. Do religious differences and partisan politics exacerbate social distance between members of the Indian American community? The survey also asks respondents how comfortable they would be if a son/daughter married someone from a particular background. These findings raise two questions worthy of further exploration: Why does political polarization among Indian Americans differ from that characterizing Americans at large? By tidal93341. IAAS data confirm this finding. Top editors give you the stories you want delivered right to your inbox each weekday. While the majority are immigrants, a rising share is born and raised in the United States. Somali immigrants are the second-largest immigrant group in Minnesota. These top 20 metro areas were home to 28.7 million immigrants, or 64% of the nations total foreign-born population. Its findings are based on a nationally representative online survey of 1,200 Indian American residents in the United Statesthe 2020 Indian American Attitudes Survey (IAAS)conducted between September 1 and September 20, 2020, in partnership with research and analytics firm YouGov. 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