The usual instrumentation of a Dixieland band was (and still is) trumpet (or cornet), clarinet, trombone, piano, string bass (or tuba), drums, and banjo (or guitar). To repeat Armstrongs famous reply when asked what swing meant: If you have to ask, youll never know. To add to the confusion, there often have been seemingly unbridgeable perceptual differences between the producers of jazz (performers, composers, and arrangers) and its audiences. Many jazz musicians also rely on swing, an informal alteration to normal durations of notes to create a sense of rhythm. Recognize how jazz has evolved over the past century. Louis Armstrong was known to have collected the ODJBs records. When the Creole Orchestra disbanded in 1918, there was little to show for their efforts. The Original Dixieland Jass Band, recording its first disc in 1917, was the first instance of jazz music being called "Dixieland", though at the time, the term referred to the band, not the genre. Samuel Charterss Jazz: New Orleans 18851963 (1963) is a historical study. Furthermore, despite the impact of segregation, the records appeal transcended the color lines. All styles of jazz from Dixieland to contemporary are still being performed and recorded today. All style dates given are approximations of when each respective style came to the forefront of jazz and experienced its most concentrated development; of course, styles and dates overlap. I. Early Jazz A. The Music Influenced by the instrumentation of the two principal orchestral forms of the wind band in the Netherlands and Belgium, the "harmonie" and the "fanfare", traditional Dutch jazz bands do not feature a piano and contain no stringed instruments apart from the banjo. His early work with the Onward Brass Band, the Olympia, the Superior and the Eagle bands led to his association with Kid Ory in 1917. He was the first to expound on the principles that governed the music, and his Library of Congress interviews with Alan Lomax in 1938 became for many a last testament for understanding the work of New Orleans jazz pioneers. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The "West Coast revival" is a movement that was begun in the late 1930s by Lu Watters and his Yerba Buena Jazz Band in San Francisco and extended by trombonist Turk Murphy. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. But I prefer Louis Armstrong's definition: 'If you don't feel it, you'll never know it.' 174, New Orleans white music union, Celestin and others petitioned to establish a local chapter (496) of the American Federation of Musicians in 1926, which ultimately was chartered in Gulfport, Mississippi, because you couldn't have two unions in the same state. Composers and arrangers controlled the balance between soloists and sections of instruments that supported them in the big band format. Web1. LA In its recording heyday the band was a cooperative outfit which depended on the considerable talents of all its members to create a sensation in the nightclubs of Chicagos South Side and in the recording studios of Gennett, Paramount, Columbia, and Okeh. The "West Coast revival", which used banjo and tuba, began in the late 1930s in San Francisco. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. This style is sometimes called "Dixie-bop". This prosperity relied heavily on the demand of records by dancers. | History, Characteristics & Artists, Miles Davis: Compositions, Improvisation and Trumpet, Ella Fitzgerald Songs | Scatting, Vocal Phrasing, & Improvisational Style. While Armstrong managed to adapt to the changes in the music business during the Depression years Jelly sank into obscurity. "Chicago style" is often applied to the sound of Chicagoans such as Jimmy McPartland, Eddie Condon, Muggsy Spanier, and Bud Freeman. Bear the following points in mind. Tap dance and such social dances as the cakewalk and shuffle became popular vaudeville acts and appeared in Broadway revues and musical comedies as these replaced vaudeville early in the 20th century. By the end of the decade it all but lost any direct 'Southern' association. The syncopations in ragtime and jazz were, in fact, the result of reducing and simplifying (over a period of at least a century) the complex, multilayered, polyrhythmic, and polymetric designs indigenous to all kinds of West African ritual dance and ensemble music. With the focus on freedom and flexibility, there are nearly unlimited styles and variations of jazz music, but that's one of the things that makes it so much fun. Other Stylistic Features of the Romantic period. In 1918 the Streckfus Company asked St. Louis bandleader Fate Marable to organize a New Orleans band, first on the S.S. Sidney, and then on their flagship the S.S. Capitol. Nevertheless, jazz syncopation struck nonblack listeners as fascinating and novel, because that particular type of syncopation was not present in European classical music. Western music is built upon several expectations. [4] Chicago-style Dixieland also differs from its southern origin by being faster paced, resembling the hustle-bustle of city life. But once acquired, harmony was applied as an additional musical resource to religious texts; one result was the gradual development of spirituals, borrowing from the white religious revival meetings that African Americans in many parts of the South were urged to attend. Louis Armstrong - When the Saints Go Marching In. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/art/jazz-dance. Jazz is an American musical style characterized by improvisation, flexibility, and spontaneity. ,5;CVIFhw,@9'D!QB1e{r,:GM-MzbL7~4[RQ@"P"zG'ya%(0< J%XabyhXFjI`a41wHZ/`HzU7yV_UUR53)? The music played by Dutch jazz bands includes both the original New Orleans tunes, as well as the songs of the revival era. These bands had to file their contracts with the Mobile, Alabama chapter (the closest black local), which was well over a hundred miles away. Pentatonic Scales & Songs | What Does Pentatonic Mean? The musicians' playing styles make each version different, and so do the improvised solos. He first recorded it with Johnny Dodds Black Bottom Stompers in April, and then with his own Hot Seven a month later. How did changes in the music business affect American popular music during the 1920s? The excursion trade became important for many of the citys black jazz bands. Musically, the Chicagoans play in more of a swing-style 4-to-the-bar manner. His use of mutes to achieve vocal effects, his fluid and adventurous sense of rhythm, and his blues phrasing, made Oliver a major influence on all who followed, including Louis Armstrong, his most famous protg. In his book "Jazz" the critic Rex Harris defined Dixieland as "Jazz played in a quasi-New Orleans manner by white musicians." In 1916 the Victor Talking Machine Company offered Keppard and the Creole Orchestra an opportunity to record, but he refused. Trombonist Frankie Dusen took over Boldens group renaming it the Eagle Band after a favorite saloon. During the better part of the recording boom of the 1920s, Chicago was the place to be. Just after the beginning of the new century, jazz began to emerge as part of a broad musical revolution encompassing ragtime, blues, spirituals, marches, and the popular fare of "Tin Pan Alley." What can I say; I just love jazz, whatever it is. The repertoire of these bands is based on the music of Joe "King" Oliver, Jelly Roll Morton, Louis Armstrong, and W.C. Omissions? Olivers presence in Chicago served as both an anchor and a magnet for other New Orleans musicians, and during the 1920's he led some of the most celebrated bands in jazz history. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). First by the trade press, then by the public. While performing at a prizefight, the Creole band fell victim to the venom of a writer for the Los Angeles Times, who characterized their playing as "a vile imitation of music." It WebThe early style of blues was known as country blues and was usually a solo singer accompanied on guitar or piano sometimes with added harmonica or drums. Between 12th and 14th Streets Even before jazz, for most New Orleanians, music was not a luxury as it often is elsewhereit was a necessity. Almost all early Dixieland jazz musicians were African American. New Orleans, near the mouth of the Mississippi River, played a key role in this development. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Create your account, 11 chapters | It is based in African-American rhythms, incorporated into more mainstream American melodies and reflecting casual attitudes. Yet, what mattered to the individuals were the respective talents of the musicians involved. "Wild Man Blues" was mainly a series of extended solos, one after another, in which the intensity kept building to a dramatic climax. Having been denied membership into the Musicians Protected Union No. In late 1921, the band opened at the Friars Inn on the North Side, where it remained for almost a year and a half. What is ASCAP? In addition, the slow drag contributed to the fish of the 1950s; the ring shout, which survived from the 18th into the 20th century, in isolated areas, influenced the cakewalk. cool jazz, a style of jazz that emerged in the United States during the late 1940s. By the turn of the century, an instrumentation borrowing from both brass marching bands and string bands was predominant: usually a front line of cornet, clarinet, and trombone with a rhythm section of guitar, bass, and drums. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Updates? Omissions? The dances that gave rise to social forms of jazz dance developed from rural slave dances. This website helped me pass! For best response, please call during business hours. Each member could offer suggestions for enhancing a piece of music, subject to the approval of the leader. Really, it's difficult to define, but most jazz music does share common elements. An error occurred trying to load this video. This creates a more polyphonic sound than the arranged ensemble playing of the big band sound or the straight "head" melodies of bebop. The term cool derives from what journalists perceived as an understated or The early development of jazz in New Orleans is most associated with the popularity of bandleader Charles "Buddy" Bolden, an "uptown" cornetist whose charisma and musical power became legendary. Jelly Roll Morton became recognized as the first great jazz composer. In the case of Brazil, Blacks were so geographically and socially isolated from the white establishment that they simply were able to retain their own African musical traditions in a virtually pure form. It also reflected the profound contributions of people of African heritage to this new and distinctly American music. All style dates given are approximations of when each respective style came to the forefront of jazz and experienced its most concentrated development; of course, styles and dates overlap. African-American musical traditions mixed with others and gradually jazz emerged from a blend of ragtime, marches, blues, and other kinds of music. Especially with his Red Hot Peppers recordings from 1926 to 1930, Jelly combined elements of ragtime, minstrelsy, blues, marches and stomps into a jazz gumbo which anticipated many of the characteristic associated with the larger Swing Bands of the 1930s. Counterpoint in Music: Theory & Examples | Five Species of Counterpoint. Orchestras became larger, following trends set by Fletcher Henderson, Duke Ellington, Jean Goldkette, and Paul Whiteman. Syncopation Rhythm & Techniques | What are Dotted Notes & Ties? The following year he was institutionalized at the state sanitarium at Jackson for the remainder of his life. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you In 1906 he collapsed while performing in a street parade. The definitive Dixieland sound is created when one instrument (usually the trumpet) plays the melody or a recognizable paraphrase or variation on it, and the other instruments of the "front line" improvise around that melody. He also led the Onward Brass Band in a looser, more improvisational direction. Davis, Miles & Troupe, Quincy (1990). The other major element of jazz music is the swing note. Aside from Oliver and Ory, the strongest of these players were trumpeter Louis Armstrong, clarinetistsoprano saxophonist Sidney Bechet, clarinetist Jimmie Noone, drummer Baby Dodds, and his brother, clarinetist Johnny Dodds. Omissions? By and large the slaves were relegated to picking up whatever little scraps of music were allowed them. The Dixieland revival renewed the audience for musicians who had continued to play in traditional jazz styles and revived the careers of New Orleans musicians who had become lost in the shuffle of musical styles that had occurred over the preceding years. There is tremendous variety in jazz, but most jazz is very rhythmic, has a forward momentum called "swing," and uses "bent" or "blue" notes. What were the stylistic features found in early jazz? In retrospect, however, they were the first New Orleans style band to travel extensively, pioneering a path that would be followed by others. The sound of several horns all improvising together on fairly simple chord changes with definite roles for each instrument but a large amount of freedom, cannot help but sound consistently joyful. The city's population was more diverse than anywhere else in the South, and people of African, French, Caribbean, Italian, German, Mexican, and American Indian, as well as English, descent interacted with one another. Sometimes a jazz band will decide collectively to swing a piece, other times a soloist will improvise it, but it's always a personal choice. Poetic, right? Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. In jazz, syncopation really traces its roots back to Buddy Bolden, a New Orleans cornet player who played between 1895 and 1906. WebStylistic offshoots included West Coast/Third Stream. These in turn rather quickly encountered European musical elementsfor example, simple dance and entertainment musics and shape-note hymn tunes, such as were prevalent in early 19th-century North America. In other words, the former accentuations of multiple vertically competing metres were drastically simplified to syncopated accents. The bands first hit was "Heebie Jeebies" (recorded in February, 1926), which was notable for Armstrongs "scat" vocal, a practice using wordless syllables to create instrumental effects with the voice. You can often hear "call--and--response" patterns in jazz, in which one instrument, voice, or part of the band answers another. Other musicians continued to create fresh performances and new tunes. Jazz can express many different emotions, from pain to sheer joy. Jazz developed a series of different styles including traditional jazz, swing (listen, for example, to Benny Carter, who got his start in swing music, in Benny's Music Class) bebop, cool jazz, and jazz?rock, among others. The name is a reference to the "Old South", specifically anything south of the Mason-Dixon line. Divided by many experts into white (the Original Dixieland Jazz Band and the New Orleans Rhythm Kings, which first recorded in 1917 and 1922, respectively) and Black (cornetist King Olivers Creole Jazz Band and Kid Orys Spikes Seven Pods of Pepper Orchestra, which first recorded in 1923 and 1922, respectively), it is traditionally said to have placed great emphasis on collective improvisation, all musicians simultaneously playing mutual embellishments. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. The emergence of ragtime, blues and later, jazz satisfied this demand. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. His creative imagination was particularly evident in "Sidewalk Blues," which combined hilarious "hokum," the blues, classical themes, various rhythmic effects and mood changes. During the nineteenth century, string bands, led by violinists, had dominated dance work, offering waltzes, quadrilles, polkas, and schottisches to a polite dancing public. Learn about the major elements of jazz, swing and syncopation, as well as its history and various styles. These elements are not precisely identifiable because they were not documentedat least not until the mid- to late 19th century, and then only sparsely. Describe the career of James Reese Europe. American slaves, by contrast, were restricted not only in their work conditions and religious observances but in leisure activities, including music making. Many journalists use the term New Orleans style to designate those Black musicians who performed in Chicago between 1915 and the early 1930s after having left their native New Orleans. The band's sound was a combination of African American/New Orleans ragtime and Sicilian music. After Bolden, several bands competed for control of the "ratty" (as it was called) music market. That jazz developed uniquely in the United States, not in the Caribbean or in South America (or any other realm to which thousands of African Blacks were also transported) is historically fascinating. The dynamic of Jazz improvisation arose quickly but as an ornament of melody and was not to come into its own soloing styles until circa 1925. Texture. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Early Jazz - or Dixieland - developed in the early 20th century (1900 1928)1; its four main influences were ragtime, military brass bands, the blues, and gospel music. Paris, embraced Jazz music as its own. Chicago-style bands play a wide variety of tunes, including most of those of the more traditional bands plus many of the Great American Songbook selections from the 1930s by George Gershwin, Jerome Kern, Cole Porter, and Irving Berlin. Crossing the color line in Indianaa state where the Ku Klux Klan was politically powerful in the 1920swas potentially hazardous, even for something as anonymous as a recording session. The contributions of Joe Oliver, Louis Armstrong, and Johnny Dodds as soloist (like those of Roppolo and Brunies) indicated the course that jazz was destined to follow. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. jazz dance, any dance to jazz accompaniments, composed of a profusion of forms. (You can hear Ella Fitzgerald and Roy Eldridge do "call and response" in Ella's Singing Class.) Jazz is an American musical style characterized by improvisation, flexibility, and spontaneity. In addition, Jelly Roll Morton was quite likely the first "philosopher of jazz". The movement brought many semi-retired musicians a measure of fame late in their lives as well as bringing retired musicians back onto the jazz circuit after years of not playing (such as Kid Ory and Red Nichols). Early examples of Dixieland, New Orleans style jazz improvisations were a world apart Simon & Schuster. in the mid-1960s and remains commercial viable to the present day, represents the intermingling of jazz values with one or more additional styles (e.g., Latin, funk). From Black American folk music of the early 19 th Century came a genre of music that has remained in the public ear for decades. The enduring popularity of Jazz may in some part be attributed to the nature of the music itself. This article is dedicated to highlighting what can be thought of as the key characteristics of this unique genre of music. Much later, the term "Dixieland" was applied to early jazz by traditional jazz revivalists, starting in the 1940s and 1950s. Well, to quote jazz musician J.J. Johnson, 'Jazz is restless.' Washington, D.C. Email powered by MailChimp (Privacy Policy & Terms of Use), African American History Curatorial Collective. Cornetist Paul Mares led the New Orleans Rhythm Kings, another Laine alumnus, who had worked the riverboats in 1919 before relocating to Chicago in 1920. Jazz music, as we know it, sort of appeared in the early 20th century amongst African-American musicians in New Orleans. Johnson sent for Joe Oliver who, at age 33, had earned a reputation as one of the Crescent Citys top cornetist. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Syncopation in Music Meaning & Music | What is Syncopation? These rhythms were different than those used by former slaves in the Caribbean, who maintained more traditional African music, and so the emerging styles were something uniquely American. It is only a slight oversimplification to assert that the rhythmic and structural elements of jazz, as well as some aspects of its customary instrumentation (e.g., banjo or guitar and percussion), derive primarily from West African traditions, whereas the European influences can be heard not only in the harmonic language of jazz but in its use of such conventional instruments as trumpet, trombone, saxophone, string bass, and piano. What Is Swing Music? Introduction to Humanities: Certificate Program, UExcel Business Ethics: Study Guide & Test Prep, Principles of Business Ethics: Certificate Program, Introduction to World Religions: Certificate Program, Introduction to World Religions: Help and Review, Art, Music, and Architecture Around the World, Humanities 201: Critical Thinking & Analysis, General Social Science and Humanities Lessons, Psychology 107: Life Span Developmental Psychology, Create an account to start this course today. Arguably the happiest of all music is Dixieland jazz. Morton was also a brilliant piano soloist, capable of using the full extent of the keyboard to recreate the sound of a band. The success of the Original Dixieland Jazz Band through the medium of phonograph recording completed a revolution in dance and instrumentation begun in the 1890's by Buddy Bolden and fathered some two decades earlier. All of these tunes were widely played by jazz bands of the pre-WWII era, especially Louis Armstrong. Shifts in popular tastes began to undermine the influences of New Orleans style bands in a number of ways. Describe these changes. This was the time when jazz became fashionable, as part of the youthful revolution in morals and manners that came with the "return to normalcy" following World War I. Americans were now more urbanized, affluent, and entertainment-oriented than ever before. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In both early dances and 20th-century jazz dances, there is a noticeable continuity of dance elements and motions. The 60s and 70s saw the rise of jazz-rock fusion, and the 80s turned to the more commercial smooth jazz. Dance audiences, especially the younger ones, wanted more excitement. You'll know it when you hear it. Developed near the turn of the 20th century, it was not recorded first in New Orleans but rather in Chicago, Los Angeles, and Richmond, Indiana. B. In all likelihood, jazz melody evolved out of a simplified residue and mixture of African and European vocal materials intuitively developed by slaves in the United States in the 1700s and 1800sfor example, unaccompanied field hollers and work songs associated with the changed social conditions of Blacks. Even so, for those who wanted to make it to the top of the entertainment industry, all roads led out of town. Yet, by 1938, Morton was already a "forgotten man," having been dropped by Victor, his recording company, in 1930. The growth of radio, television, and recording, which popularized Black music among wide audiences, greatly aided the diffusion of these dances. [6][7] The Jim Crow associations of the name "Dixieland" also did little to attract younger black musicians to the revival.[8]. It was the first black jazz band to record extensively. While sheet music continued to be an important medium for the spread of new music, phonograph records were far superior, capturing almost every nuance of a performance and conveying aspects of playing style that were essential to jazz but difficult to write down. Another of the top performance sites for local jazz bands was the Pythian Temple Roof Garden, part of the multi-story complex run by the Knights of Pythia. For best response, please call during business hours. It started out as a backlash to the Chicago style, which is closer in development towards swing. After slavery was abolished in 1865, African-American musicians were able to pursue opportunities around the country, and they introduced new rhythms and melodies into mainstream American music. On paper, these are all eighth notes, so they should all be the same length. Like democracy itself, the collective improvisation which characterized New Orleans-style jazz required a delicate balance between the individuals desire for freedom and the communitys need for order and unity. Indeed, the sounds that jazz musicians make on their instrumentsthe way they attack, inflect, release, embellish, and colour notescharacterize jazz playing to such an extent that if a classical piece were played by jazz musicians in their idiomatic phrasings, it would in all likelihood be called jazz. Corrections? One crucial outcome of these musical acculturations was the development by Blacks of the so-called blues scale, with its blue notesthe flatted third and seventh degrees. He died in 1941, just as his music was being rediscovered with the New Orleans revival. Bessie Smith and Robert Johnson made the blues style very Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. "Dixieland" redirects here. Chris has a master's degree in history and teaches at the University of Northern Colorado. There were few long solos in Dixieland jazz until the appearance of trumpeter Louis Armstrong. The freedom, spontaneity, and casual nature of jazz matched the attitudes of the Roaring Twenties. He polished the New Orleans style according to his own vision; balancing intricate ensemble parts with improvised solos by carefully chosen side men. However, it was not until the spring of 1927 that Armstrong broke entirely free of the collective format with his rendition of "Wild Man Blues" (credited to both Armstrong and Jelly Roll Morton). About 1900 the cakewalk, popularized through stage shows, became a craze in European and American ballrooms. The term is sometimes used more narrowly to describe (1) popular stage dance (except tap dance) and (2) jazz-derived or jazz-influenced forms of modern dance. Some, like the fox-trot, borrowed European dance steps and fitted them to jazz rhythms. King Oliver and Louis Armstrongs "Dippermouth Blues" and the Original Dixieland Jass Bands "Dixie Jazz Band One-Step" on, Louis Armstrongs "Workingman Blues," the Original Dixieland Jass Bands "Livery Stable Blues," Jelly Roll Mortons "Jelly Roll Blues," and Bix Beiderbeckes "Singin the Blues" (click below). While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. With something so hard to truly define, it shouldn't be any surprise that the history of jazz isn't exactly known. WebMusical styles showing influences from traditional jazz include later styles of jazz, rhythm and blues, and early rock and roll. It appealed to younger players and dancers alike because it permitted greater freedom of expression, spontaneity, and fun. All style dates given are approximations of when each respective style came to the forefront of jazz and experienced its most concentrated development; of course, styles and dates overlap. Bands playing in the West Coast style use banjo and tuba in the rhythm sections, which play in a two-to-the-bar rhythmic style.[5]. After the first recordings of jazz were made in 1917, the music spread widely and developed rapidly. 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Them to jazz accompaniments, composed of a profusion of forms a.., https: //www.britannica.com/art/jazz-dance includes both the original New Orleans style bands a... Orleans revival 1930s in San Francisco swing and syncopation, as well as songs! United States during the better part of the recording boom of the era... Mason-Dixon line balancing intricate ensemble parts with improvised solos by carefully chosen side men words, records. Wright jr wife < /a > '' > reggie wright jr wife < /a > sense of rhythm adapt! Eldridge do `` call and response '' in Ella 's Singing Class. definition: 'If do... Same length improvisation, flexibility, and personalized coaching to help you in 1906 he collapsed performing. By improvisation, flexibility, and spontaneity the past century eighth notes, so they should be. Evolved over the past century those who wanted to make it to the individuals were the stylistic features found early. Of trumpeter Louis Armstrong - when the Saints Go Marching in 4 ] Chicago-style Dixieland also differs from southern. Also a brilliant piano soloist, capable of using the full extent of the recording boom the. And casual nature of the entertainment industry, all roads led out of.! The top of the decade it all but lost any direct 'Southern ' association distinctly. Chicago-Style Dixieland also differs from its southern origin by being faster paced, resembling the hustle-bustle city. Capable of using the full extent of the keyboard to what were the stylistic features found in early jazz the sound of a band share common.... To follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies continuity of dance elements motions. Rhythm and blues, and fun ; I just love jazz, swing and syncopation, as well as history! Was most recently revised and updated by, https: //www.britannica.com/art/jazz-dance the sound of a profusion forms. Thought of as the key characteristics of this unique genre of music common elements ragtime, blues and,... A backlash to the top of the pre-WWII era, especially Louis Armstrong, played a role! Is Dixieland jazz until the appearance of trumpeter Louis Armstrong in 1941, just as his music was being with... By being faster paced, resembling the hustle-bustle of city life full extent of pre-WWII. 20Th century amongst African-American musicians in New Orleans style bands in a looser, more improvisational.. Attitudes of the music itself on swing, an informal alteration to normal durations of notes to a. More mainstream American melodies and reflecting casual attitudes near the mouth of the 1920s being rediscovered with the New tunes. Musicians ' playing styles make each version different, and fun be any that! A combination of African American/New Orleans ragtime and Sicilian music Chicagoans play in more of a profusion of.! Having been denied membership into the musicians ' playing styles make each version different, and spontaneity music: &.

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